Thin Red Line essays

Meager Red Line articles In the novel The Thin Red Line, the writer James Jones utilizes his own encounters of WWII to compose a war novel that depicts reality of war and the musings of the men battling it. This epic is a since quite a while ago definite record of WWII where the American soldiers are attempting to catch the Guadalcanal, which will give America the advantage in the war. Through this fight the men are confronted with their most awful repulsions, companions biting the dust left and right, and dread of being slaughtered. While managing these apprehensions they attempt to locate some significance in their lives and wind up finding an association of trust with the men battling close to them. James Jones was conceived in Robinson, Illinois in 1921, as the child of a dental specialist, Ramon Jones and Ada Blessing Jones. His dad had issues with liquor and his mom was strict, due to his dads and moms steady battling, Jones grew up with much misery. His granddad possessed one of the most seasoned and greatest houses on East Main Street. He had a lot of social glory dependent on oil cash, however after his passing the Jones lost quite a bit of their societal position. Jones finished his secondary school training in Illinois. In view of the downturn, he was unable to proceed with his investigations. So he joined the military and went to WWII. His five-year armed force experience gave the foundation to his first and best novel, From Here to Eternity (1951), which was made into a movie in 1953. Jones' book turned out to be a piece of his World War II set of three that was proceeded by The Thin Red Line (1962) and finished up by Whistle (1978), which was left fragmented at his pa ssing. (Encarta Jones, James) During the World War II he served in the US armed force as a sergeant (1939-44). In 1957 Jones wedded Gloria Mosalino. In 1974 Jones was offered a showing position at Florida International University in Miami. Toward the finish of the 1976 school year, the Jones' moved to Southampton, New York. He passed on in Long Island, on May 9, 1977. ( Jones, J ... <!

Bag of Bones CHAPTER SEVEN Free Essays

string(72) sufficiently hard to blow around wisps of the girl’s fine blonde hair. The young lady really she wasn’t substantially more than an infant came strolling up the center of Route 68, wearing a red swimming outfit, yellow plastic flip-flops, and a Boston Red Sox baseball top pivoted in reverse. I had recently determined past the Lakeview General Store and Dickie Brooks’s All-Purpose Garage, and as far as possible there drops from fifty-five to thirty-five. Express gratitude toward God I was obeying it that day, else I may have killed her. We will compose a custom exposition test on Bean pole CHAPTER SEVEN or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now It was my first day back. I’d risen late and burned through a large portion of the early daytime strolling in the forested areas which run along the lakeshore, seeing what was the equivalent and what had changed. The water looked a little lower and there were less vessels than I would have expected, particularly on summer’s greatest occasion, however else I may never have been away. I even appeared to slap at similar bugs. Around eleven my stomach made me aware of the way that I’d skipped breakfast. I chose an outing to the Village Cafe was all together. The café at Warrington’s was trendier by a wide margin, yet I’d be gazed at there. The Village Cafe would be better on the off chance that it was all the while working together. Amigo Jellison was a surly fuck, however he had consistently been the best fry-cook in western Maine and what my stomach needed was a major oily Villageburger. Presently this young lady, strolling straight up the white line and seeming as though a majorette driving an imperceptible procession. At thirty-five miles for every hour I saw her in a lot of time, yet this street was occupied in the mid year, and not many individuals tried crawling through the decreased speed zone. There were just twelve Castle County police cruisers, all things considered, and very few of them wasted time with the TR except if they were explicitly called there. I headed over to the shoulder, put the Chevy in PARK, and was out before the residue had even started to settle. The day was moist and close and still, the mists appearing to be sufficiently low to contact. The child a little blondie with a reprimand nose and scabbed knees remained on the white line as though it were a tightrope and watched me approach without any dread than a grovel. ‘Hi,’ she said. ‘I go sea shore. Mummy ‘on’t take me and I’m frantic as hell.’ She stepped her foot to show she knew just as anyone what distraught as damnation was about. Three or four was my supposition. Articulate in her design and adorable as heck, yet at the same time close to three or four. ‘Well, the sea shore is a decent spot to go on the Fourth, all right,’ I stated, ‘but ‘ ‘Fourth of July and firecrackers too,’ she concurred, making ‘too’ sound fascinating and sweet, similar to a word in Vietnamese. ‘ yet on the off chance that you attempt to stroll there on the expressway, you’re progressively able to end up in Castle Rock Hospital.’ I chose I wasn’t going to remain there playing Mister Rogers with her in Route 68, not with a bend just fifty yards toward the south and a vehicle well-suited to come wheeling around it at sixty miles an hour whenever. I could hear an engine, really, and it was firing up hard. I got the child and conveyed her over to where my vehicle was lingering, and despite the fact that she appeared to be totally substance to be conveyed and not terrified a piece, I felt like Chester the Molester the subsequent I had my arm bolted under her base. I was exceptionally mindful that anybody lounging around in the joined office and sitting area of Brooksie’s Garage could watch out and see me. This is one of the weird midlife real factors of my age: we can’t contact a youngster who isn’t our own without dreading others will see something prurient in our contacting . . . or then again without speculation, path down somewhere down in the sewers of our minds, that there most likely is something lewd in it. I got her out of the street, however. I did that much. Let the Marching Mothers of Western Maine come after me and do their most exceedingly terrible. ‘You take me beach?’ the young lady inquired. She was brilliant looked at, grinning. I figured that she’d likely be pregnant when she was twelve, particularly given the cool way she was wearing her baseball top. ‘Got your suitie?’ ‘Actually I think I left my suitie at home. Don’t you abhor that? Nectar, where’s your mom?’ As though in explicit reply answer to my inquiry, the vehicle I’d heard came breaking out of a street on the close to side of the bend. It was a Jeep Scout with mud sprinkled high up on the two sides. The engine was snarling like something up a tree and annoyed about it. A woman’s head was jabbed out the side window. Little curie’s mother probably been too terrified to even consider sitting down; she was making in a frantic squat, and if a vehicle had been coming around that specific bend in Route 68 when she pulled out, my companion in the red swimming outfit would almost certainly have become a vagrant on the spot. The Scout fishtailed, the head dropped down inside the taxi, and there was a pounding as the driver upshifted, attempting to take her old pile from zero to sixty in perhaps nine seconds. In the event that unadulterated dread could have carried out the responsibility, I’m sure she would have succeeded. ‘That’s Mattie,’ the young lady in the swimming outfit said. ‘I’m frantic at her. I’m fleeing to have a Fourth at the sea shore. In the event that she’s frantic I go to my white nana.’ I had no clue about what she was discussing, yet it crossed my brain that Miss Bosox of 1998 could have her Fourth at the sea shore; I would make due with a fifth of something entire grain at home. In the interim, I was waving the arm not under the kid’s butt to and fro over my head, and sufficiently hard to blow around wisps of the girl’s fine light hair. You read Bean pole CHAPTER SEVEN in class Exposition models ‘Hey!’ I yelled. ‘Hey, woman! I got her!’ The Scout sped by, as yet quickening and as yet sounding irritated about it. The fumes was blowing billows of blue smoke. There was a further terrible pounding from the Scout’s old transmission. It resembled some insane variant of Let’s Make a Deal.’ ‘Mattie, you’ve prevailing with regards to getting into second rigging might you want to stop and take the Maytag washer, or would you like to go after third?’ I did the main thing I could consider, which was to step out onto the street, move in the direction of the Jeep, which was presently hurrying endlessly from me (the smell of the oil was thick and bitter), and hold the child up high over my head, trusting Mattie would see us in her rearview reflect. I not, at this point felt like Chester the Molester; presently I felt like a remorseless salesperson in a Disney animation, offering the cutest li’l piglet in the litter to the most elevated bidder. It worked, however. The Scout’s mudcaked taillights went ahead and there was an evil wailing as the seriously utilized brakes bolted. Directly before Brooksie’s, this was. In the event that there were any old-clocks in for a decent Fourth of July tattle, they would now have bounty to talk about. I figured they would particularly appreciate the part where Mom shouted at me to unhand her child. At the point when you come back to your mid year home after a long nonattendance, it’s consistently ideal to get off on the correct foot. The reinforcement lights flared and the Jeep started turning around not far off at a decent twenty miles 60 minutes. Presently the transmission sounded not annoyed yet panicky kindly it was stating, if you don't mind stop, you’re murdering me. The Scout’s backside swayed from side to side like the tail of an upbeat canine. I watched it coming at me, spellbound now in the northbound path, presently over the white line and into the southbound path, presently overcorrecting with the goal that the left-hand tires spumed dust off the shoulder. ‘Mattie go fast,’ my new sweetheart said in a conversational, isn’t-this-intriguing voice. She had one arm threw around my neck; we were pals, by God. Be that as it may, what the child said woke me up. Mattie go quick, okay, excessively quick. Mattie would, almost certainly, clear out the backside of my Chevrolet. What's more, on the off potential for success that I just had here, Baby Snooks and I were adept to wind up as toothpaste between the two vehicles. I upheld the length of my vehicle, focusing my eyes on the Jeep and shouting, ‘Slow down, Mattie! Slow down!’ Cutie-pie enjoyed that. ‘S’yo down!’ she shouted, beginning to chuckle. ‘S’yo down, you old Mattie, s’yo down!’ The brakes shouted in new desolation. The Jeep took one final pummeling, despondent twitch in reverse as Mattie halted without advantage of the grip. That last jump took the Scout’s back guard so near the back guard of my Chevy that you could have overcome any barrier with a cigarette. The smell of oil noticeable all around was colossal and fuzzy. The child was waving a turn before her face and hacking dramatically. The driver’s entryway flew open; Mattie Devore flew out like a carnival stunt-devil shot from a gun, in the event that you can envision a bazaar trapeze artist wearing old paisley shorts and a cotton coverall top. My first idea was that the little girl’s older sibling had been keeping an eye on, that Mattie and Mummy were two distinct individuals. I realized that little children frequently spend a time of their improvement calling their folks by their first names, however this pale-cheeked blonde young lady looked the entirety of twelve, fourteen at the outside. I chose her frantic treatment of the Scout hadn’t been fear for her youngster (or dread) however all out car freshness. There was something different, as well, alright? Another suspicion that I made. The sloppy four-wheel-drive, the loose paisley shorts, the coverall that everything except shouted Kmart, the long yellow hair kept down with those little red elastics, and above all else the distractedness that permits the three-year-old in your consideration to go straying in t

Business Process Re

Business Process Re Presentation Business process re-building is an ongoing administration device which targets improving associations current operational methodologies. It focuses on modernisation of business procedures to achieve high productivity for an upper hand (Jack, 2001). It recreates distinctive association forms; the normal outcomes incorporate cost productivity, improved client support and improvement underway speed.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Business Process Re-Engineering explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally the procedure has three significant advances; decide the norm, distinguish the zones to change and change usage; anyway each progression has two phases (Naitove, 2010). This paper talks about the means in business re-building process (BRP). Stage 1: Determination of the norm Develop business vision, crucial business goals BRP doesn't focus on negligible improvement in a solitary zone yet focus on the whole business; it means to i nvestigate all procedures for a general addition to the association. In view of this, the beginning purpose of the procedure is adjusting all business forms with the new framework. The bearing of a business is molded by its crucial, and corporate targets. In this stage, crucial, and goals of the organization are characterized once more. The definition result in the wake of interjecting what has the business having the option to accomplish and its latent capacity level. Set strategic, and targets ought to be achievable (Huang, 2010). The accompanying elements are thought of; What is the vision of the association? Has the vision being accomplished? If not to what degree has the organization fizzled? Is the vision still pertinent to the new business condition that the business is working in? What territories lead to disappointment? What is the crucial the association? Is the vision met utilizing the present set techniques and systems? If not why? Does the business can possibly satisfy the set crucial? Audit the targets which the organization plans to attempt? How regularly are the destinations met? If not generally why they are not met? Is there a set up pattern in business execution? This investigates territories which have bombed the association before. In the wake of understanding the present situation in the business, at that point an achievable vision, crucial destinations are characterized. In the event that the past ones are as yet important and feasible, they can be held yet care taken to improve forms which has in early cases influenced their achievement (Wheelen $ Hunger, 1999). Comprehension and estimating existing procedures For the accomplishment of business destinations and achievement of objectives, a business experiences through various procedures. Prior to making a transition to actualize a BPR, an inside and out examination of procedures in the organization is fundamental. The primary explanation behind this move is to guarantee that the busines s gains from past slip-ups. Those exercises which have lead to wastefulness in the past are reported and gauges taken to guarantee that they won't be rehashed. For instance if in the previous a business couldn't accomplish its goals due to wasteful coordinations supply’s, where they have gotten inadequate products, this zone is tended to freely. Note are taken on the past experience (Williams, 2001).Advertising Looking for coursework on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The degree of proficiency of current framework is estimated. The normal level is additionally measure and the deficiency that the present framework has is determined. The managing inquiries in this stage are Does the present business forms can possibly achieve anticipated outcomes? Which zones have let the accomplishment down previously? What are the recognized main drivers of lack in the organization? This stage is concentrates more on using past encounters in settling on trustworthy choices later on. The executives data stockpiling instruments like business insight apparatuses are used to guarantee that there is quality data. Considering encounters of different organizations in a similar industry is significant, anyway care ought to be taken to guarantee that outside information is all around confirmed for importance and uprightness (Chao-Hsiung, Shaio, Barnes Li, 2010). Stage 2: recognizing the region to change Identification of business procedures to be reclassified After having a profound comprehension of general execution of the business; this is after an examination in sync 1, the subsequent stage is characterizing the specific regions, systems and capacities which should be updated. They are the regions which upsets fulfillment of business vision, strategic targets (Anon, 1994). The procedure is procedural where the executives can utilize a high effect forms, comprehensive methodology or six sigma approach. When utilizing a high effect process approach, the administration targets recognizing those procedures which has a high negative impact to the fulfillment of business objectives. After the procedures have been remembered, they are then tended to. This methodology is progressively normal to huge business which taking a whole investigation of all small scale procedure may bring of time. After the underlying procedures influencing the accomplishment of objectives have been resolved, the following procedures in line are recognized until the procedure with the most insignificant impact is tended to (Romney, 1994). When utilizing a thorough methodology, which is regular to little scope organizations, the whole business forms are examined and those regions which lead to a deficiency in the association are perceived. Issue in the recognized territory is distinguished and choices to tackle it formulated.Advertising We will compose a custom coursework test on Business Process Re-Eng ineering explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More These zone might be supply’s, activity costs the executives, coordinations, HR or nature of fixed resources among others (Adam VandeWater, 1995). The third methodology perhaps a six sigma approach. This is a strategy that targets recognizing absconds in hierarchical procedures. It targets breaking down individual procedures are distinguishing the territory that isn't successfully and productively creating outcomes. The methodology is a consistent one and expect that in the event that one procedure influences the accomplishment of anthers targets. Six sigma approaches guarantees that the underlying driver of an issue has been built up and redressed. It a methodicallly, progressive, and productive procedure which yields palatable outcomes when applied to either little or huge organizations; taking an inside and outside examination of a business is significant and part of six sigma. Interior and outer procedures inc lude examining (S.W.O.T. examination) that the organization is working under. Taking P.E.S.T.L.E. (political, Environmental, social, Technological, lawful and Ecological) examination is another way to deal with investigate a business. Inner and outside reviews help an organization to have a more clear image of it and creating of operational systems will be encouraged (OConnor, 1989). Recognize IT switches BRP uses data produced inside and some of the time data from an outside source. To have a powerful framework, the manner in which data is recorded and broke down is critical. After a re-designing, the attention ought to be on the client; he ought to be the end advantageously of the procedure in spite of the fact that it is done inside an organization (Haberbeg Rieple, 2001). Productive data the board frameworks and apparatuses are distinguished; and cross utilitarian frameworks indentified. Other than the accumulated data, frameworks of input and reactions ought to be distinguished (Goold Campbell, 2002). Stage 3: change execution Build techniques to actualize the ideal changes With data on the territories that should be upgraded, methodologies to actualize the overhaul are created. The level includes adjusting all procedures to the new embraced framework; if there is have to get a few resources, train staff or utilize staff it is done at this stage.Advertising Searching for coursework on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More All devices to usage (both human and physical assets) are set up. Despite the fact that procedures are made for the general fulfillment of objectives, destinations, strategic vision, they are once in a while observed as free however team up with one another (Esquerre, 2005). These methodologies address the regions which had a shortfall these systems incorporate; Supply the executives chain These are procedures actualized to guarantee that the organization gets quality crude materials, in the opportune time at a suitable expense. While executing this framework, there must be joint effort with all offices as they will guidance coordinations and obtainment division of the quality and amount they require at a specific time. It includes, forward coordinations, in reverse coordinations, and converse coordinations. Great connection is created with providers to have in the nick of time supplies (Kotter Schlesinger, 2008). Worth assurance This having is a set degree of significant worth that is required for crude materials and last items; components to decide an incentive in a business are set up. Observing of significant worth beginnings from crude material worth assurance, to guarantee quality materials are conveyed in the organization. Simultaneously yield quality and amount from each stage are resolved. In the event that there is a shortfall, the issue ought to be tended to right away. To decide if quality guaranteed is achieved, it ought not be the interior standard just yet customer’s desire and competitor’s esteem level are of substance. Worth accompanies a value; a company’s estimating system should meet hierarchical objectives without harming shoppers; there ought to be a shared advantage and fulfillment (Porter, 1985) Customer administration Mechanisms to get feedb

Modernization of the World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Modernization of the World - Essay Example In the end, recreation turned out to be less powerful, with most enterprises giving their representatives off specifically days to appreciate relaxation. At the end of the day, the world turned into a working country as individuals attempted to extend their riches base. Modernization affected essential foundations also. To start with, instruction turned into a genuine concern since people expected to pass insight and stories starting with one age then onto the next. Schools created extending from lower level kindergartens to more elevated levels foundations of learning. Furthermore, controls of study changed to cover numerous fields. For example, brain research, law, building, and social field extended their subjects of study. Progressively, the twentieth century saw a connection between the degree of training and profession that people sought after. In any case, the family sees on marriage since individuals accepted various jobs. As more females entered the work advertise and instructed themselves, they got steady. Most ladies could bring up kids without essentially having the help of male. In the end, the idea of single parent got standard as experts demonstrated not excited about marriage. A few people favored accepting obligation of their famili es as couples by sharing duties however not founded on customary sexual orientation arranged stages. For example, people could contribute similarly to making family riches and shared obligations at home similarly. Truth be told, it was during a similar period that women's liberation ideas became well known in light of the fact that ladies requested fairness on almost all fronts.

Public Service Delivery Managing with External

Societal Segregation The Battle of African Americans for Centuries - Free Essay Example

An unforgettable civil rights activist, Martin Luther King Jr., in his famous speech, I Have a Dream, broadcasted to the entire country, speaks out about the racial oppression still happening to African Americans in 1963, 98 years after slavery had ended. King’s purpose is to argue that some Americans are unaware of the racist realities African Americans have to face when going about their days in the 1960s and to support the end of legalized segregation that takes place in politics and daily lives as a whole. He adopts an indignant tone in order to keep those in the audience who already agree with empowered while condemning those watching who dont see anything wrong with the racial bias in American government and society. To create this tone he uses many rhetorical strategies such as repetition, historical and religious allusions, and metaphors to all grow his argument by creating emotions within the listener that makes them more prone to support the end of legalized segregation with his solutions. King uses different strategies of repetition in his speech by deliberately using anaphora that is able to highlight the issues of race to create hope within the audience for a better future. One specific example of anaphora is the famous line â€Å"I have a dream†. A dream is something that hasn’t happened, it’s a fantasy. By highlighting the idea of a dream and following with the ideas for a more better society he sets the standard of a country that needs improvement. Kings solution for this is to end legalized segregation for people would then be happier because of it. He creates an influential hope for a better future. Following this form of repetition, he states changes he wants to be made to society one of those being â€Å"that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin†¦Ã¢â‚¬  appealing to men and women, black and white, with children of their own. Stating that he only wants â€Å"a natio n where they will not be judged by the color of their skin† makes him relatable to his audience- the world- for his concern for his children like most parents have no matter color of their skin. By becoming relatable he has a higher chance of being able to relate to others as he feels as a father with children oppressed by the legal segregation. His hope for a better world is inspiring to the audience, and any good parent could say that they would want the same for their child- to live without judgment. King also uses another instance of repetition in his speech, by using certain collective pronouns to address African Americans that when stated this way and repeated. He is a number of sentences strategically refers to the black race not as African American but rather â€Å"the negro†. He does so for a reason. King states that â€Å"the negro still is not free† and â€Å"the negro is still languished† which takes the word usually used to demonize African Americans as a reminder of the race issues still at play. That it is ‘the negro† suffering at the hands of societies then standards. Slavery ended years ago but the term of discrimination is used still and he doesnt let it affect him, creating possible guilt within the audience who does not agree with his views on the American current culture. The term â€Å"negro† itself is a racist one, but also while it still being used is a reality check of real racism it also give empowerment to the Africa n Americans in the crowd who can then take the world and use it as something to be proud of- because its acknowledging their struggle still to that day with racism. He is not only able to relate to the current people of society but the past as well. By using a historical allusion as a way to quote Abraham Lincoln he equates himself with the trusted president and garners trust within the audiences. King starts off his speech with â€Å"five score years ago† a direct correlation to the Gettysburg address spoken by Lincoln. Lincoln was known as a great president and was elected twice. He also was a prominent spokesperson for ending slavery and even created the emancipation proclamation to free all slaves. By relating to someone with such high credibility in the eyes of all people about civil rights issues, male and female, black and white, he establishes a somewhat equal ideal between him and Lincoln. They both had to do with changing American society about race and focus on oppression. King relates legalized segregation to being still like slavery by drawing comparisons. An audience when trusting the source of their information is more like ly to support their ideas, arguments, and spread them. The same is the case here with King and his audience, he has now may have at least captured more audience members support through establishing his trustworthiness, so when the issues he speak about afterward it’s coming from a man deemed more credible. King uses other allusions to the Bible as well to convince his audience that legalized segregation needs to end in the American society. In going so he uses religion, which is very much prominent in American culture at the time, and uses it along with his argument makes his argument more relatable to the audience. He quotes the holy book, â€Å"Weeping may stay for the night, but rejoicing comes in the morning.†This is a very subtle reference to the bible. By proving this biblical allusion it being in a moral argument. Hes saying that this oppression was something out of their control. That they test people’s strength. However with faith in God, a powerful response can come even when the darkest of times is occurring, and that is the real struggle. This relates to the audience, many Christians, so when stated: creates more guilt for those suffering. God is seemingly the leader of all and cares for all in times of sadness. Those creating the suffering by keeping up legal ized segregation then feel guilty for doing so. Many Christian believers thought this segregation was created for a reason by God in the first place. In saying things from the bible King is able to acknowledge a counter argument and refute it. Therefore when one relates to him his argument of legalized segregation no being the right thing to do becomes more favorable. Kings hope for a peaceful and an injustice free society is prominent in the speech and his metaphors. By promoting a violent free protest against legalized segregation, he takes on a different point of view than the iter side of the argument, which can cause guilt within those watching who have used violence against African Americans. He warns fellow blacksâ€Å"Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred.† What king is comparing is that freedom is a large feeling of thirst, a want, but it should not be compromised by infighting bitter violence, for that is no solution at all. King understands the position of him and other African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement at the time. He knows that anger is a large possibility when it comes when touching upon the topic of violence. Yet he does not want those fighting for his cause to appear the same way oppressors do, because they are the victims. By promoting peace and only using peaceful protests he condemns the other side of the argument, making the country guilty and feel bad for them. He instructs them how to act exactly with â€Å"a high plane of dignity and discipline† and to â€Å"meeting physical force with soul force†. King is comparing the struggle of equality to â€Å"dignity and discipline† to become the â€Å"high plain†. King true principals are keeping peace and spreading love while battling the oppression legalized segregation still kept in place. This was what King desired could only be ended when achieved through, peaceful protest. For with peaceful protests the violence used by those who support segregation, while already bad, still to the majority of the American public to make them feel guilty and sorry for those suffering. Encouraging the end of legalized segregation itself. King also uses the metaphor of comparing the treatment of African Americans to a bad check, in doing so he condemns the American government for not sticking to promises made during founding that arises anger in the audience for injustice. King addressing his audience about the government states†given negro people a bad check† and that â€Å"bank of justice is bankrupt† but thatâ€Å"weve come to cash this check†. By comparing the situation to a check he is able to establish a point to his argument and evoke the relating feelings. A check is a promise to receive money that the person supposedly has, but a â€Å"bad check† is a promise that falls through. King, is saying the bad check is the promises made in the declaration of independence, that â€Å"all men are created equal†. Which obviously wasnt followed through for hundreds of years people of color remained enslaved and then segregated. Him standing there now is him ready â€Å"cash this c heck† he will not stand down until things are changed, for good, by ending legalized segregation. By making this metaphor to arguing his purpose, it can arise anger in the audience. If someone went to the bank and was told the check was bad they would be angry too. Anger is a very influential emotion, its an emotion that makes people act, and King is using that, in this case, to try to get people to protest against legalized segregation so it ends. Forgetting the purpose of the argument, Kings speech, in general, was very empowering, and a big step in the civil rights movement for African Americans. However with the use of these rhetorical strategies make the steps forward nit just be words but become actions an laws put into place in American government. The means to end legal segregation.

Vdcdc - 1715 Words

Can You See The White Elephant? Have you ever been forced to make a life altering decision? A decision where you much choose one option or the other? The short story Hills Like White Elephants depict a situation in which many, if not all readers can relate to at one point in their lives. The author Ernest Hemingway describes this scenario with a young couple who are at a crossroads in their life, and they are unsure of the future. The young couple are forced, but shying away from the rather large â€Å"white elephant in the room†, deciding to go through with having a child or an abortion. The theme in Hills Like White Elephants is expressed using typical thematic literary elements. Hemingway uses elements such as character, setting, conflict,†¦show more content†¦When she replies, â€Å"no you would not have†, he gets defensive and quickly puts her in her place. She humbly accepted his reply and turned her focus elsewhere. In other words Jig attempted to change the subject which is common between the young couple throughout the story. A current made entirely of bamboo beads, hung in the doorway of the train station’s bar. It had writing on it that the girl could not read. This tells the reader that the girl like the American is not a native of Spain. In other words this just reinforces Jigs dependency on the American as well as the Americans selfishness. Jig asked the American what was said. The American then told her it was the name of the drink called Anis del Toro. Her dependence on the man becomes evident when she then asks if they could try one. When the drink arrives with a glass of water she took a drink and commented that it tastes bitter. The American agreed and added that everything in life is somewhat bitter. His comment forced Jig to again to think of why they were at the train station. She then expresses her feelings that even the things you have waited for a long time turns out to be bitter. This statement tells the reader that she had waited a long time to become pregnant and she bitterly hated that she was going to have to give it up. Jig was concerned that the relationship she had the American would end if she did not go through with the abortion. She knew that he had not been happy since

Vygotsky s Concepts Of Cognitive Development Theory

Creating a positive change started to get ingrained in my head since I became of school age. Growing up in a place where drugs, gangs, and crime was all too common, I decided to push back against this by educating myself. Not having the available community resources and watching friends and family members end up in jail or dead shook me to the core. I remember being told of some neighborhood friends who had died, one of an overdose of heroine and another (who was involved in gangs) had gotten shot and killed in a drive by shooting. Both happened just steps from our house! I remember thinking, even back then, that I did want to end up like them. I also remember thinking that if I had any children that I would do my best not to expose them to the same environment I was exposed to when I was growing up. According to Vygotsky’s concepts of cognitive development theory, my interactions with others in my neighborhood caused me to alter my environment which guided me, regulate me an d redefined who I am now. So to answer the question, why did I not end up like some of my friends? I don’t know. I think that just seeing what was happening to some of my friends and family was enough for me to know I did not want to end up like that. I remember separating myself from my friends who were â€Å"bad influences† when I got to high school. It was somewhat easy to do so since many of my troubled friends dropped out soon after getting to high school. 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Strategies For Liquidity Management In Banking Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4504 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The global financial crisis in the second quarter of 2008 brought down not only the United States but also the whole world, estimated to destroy more than $1,4 trillion (IMF 2008b). The causes are known as the vicious cycle related to low interest rates, securitization, and bubble of housing market. All of them laid the world into turbulence, which is aggravated by the huge number of specialized mortgage lenders and securities unregulated by the government institutions. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Strategies For Liquidity Management In Banking Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The necessary of reviewing the progress of financial innovation wakes the bank specialists up out of the illusion of stable development. This crisis is called the crisis of liquidity when the market became more and more illiquidity. Many compact of bailouts are funded to rescue economics in some powerful countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and Germany; however, there are still some countries which just suffered the small influence, the most noticeable one is Australia. Many questions are prompted like Why could Australia pass through financial crisis so quickly and albeit continue developing? or What is the strategy of liquidity management that Australian banks, especially Australia and New Zealand Group (ANZ bank), one of four major banks in Australia and among just 11 AA-rated bank left in the world, used to pass over the crisis?. To answer the above questions, we need to review and analyze the foundation of banking system in Australia as well as the liquidity management activities in Reserve Bank of Australia and one representative bank in Australia, Australia and New Zealand Group (ANZ Bank). This assignment will be divided into 2 main parts to discuss Australia in financial crisis and what ANZ Bank did to sustain the shock of financial market. In the first part, I will concentrate on how Australian economy survives through the crisis successfully. In the second one, the strategy of liquidity management of ANZ Bank will be analyzed to find out why they could maintain the sustainable liquidity management strategy, how they could preserve capital and attain effective liquidity and well managed structure. To begin with, some definitions about liquidity and liquidity management need to be clarified. We could realize that the liquidity risk is one of the most difficult risks in financial intermediary, especially banks. Generally, liquidity management can be understood as one of the most significant activities of bank management which ensu re banks have sufficient liquidity to meet obligations as they fall due without incurring unacceptable losses. Reserve Bank of Fiji (1995, p3) defined that banks could maintain sufficient liquid assets to meet obligations or any unprecedented situations by having appropriate liquidity management policy. Additionally, Gallinger G.W. and Healey P.B. (1987, p.3) stated Liquidity management is the allocation of liquid resources overtime to meet resource needs for payment of obligations due and for various investments that management undertakes to maximize shareholder wealth. This activity related to the requirement of availability of resources at time and the control of various financial risks. We could realize clearly the importance of liquidity management through above definitions. In reality, when a bank could not maintain the liquidity effectively and the assets become illiquid, it could go bankrupt if the central bank does not rescue it out of the stress condition. Therefore, susta inable liquidity management is considered as essential future proofing, insuring the end-to-end process is maintained. In the below illustration, we could understand explicitly the level of sustainable liquidity management, it stands on the top of pyramid, proving that if managers control successfully reserve management, risk management, portfolio performance, they will target to sustainable liquidity strategy. Regarding banking sector, the core activity of a bank is highlighted as the business of collecting and taking deposits that are liquid and convertible on demand and transforming them into medium or long term loan for corporations or individuals who have the demand. Matthews K. and Thompson J. (2005, p. 91) argued that there are two main risks that a bank faces on its balance sheet, which are default risk and withdrawal risk beside many other risks such as price risk, payment mechanism risk, foreign risk and the risk of settlement. The former is caused by the circumstance i n which the borrower will be default whist the latter is relatively related to liquidity risk. The main function of asset and liquidity management in banks is the allocation of liabilities of the bank to earning assets to reduce the risk of default as well as the maintenance of sufficient liquid assets to minimize withdrawal risk. In reality, a bank could be situated into the circumstance in which lenders effort to convert their bank deposit into money to by making a withdrawal, writing a cheque or even use anything they could do to have the fund as they want while the bank tend to make the largest money from short term deposits to long term borrowers to maximize the banks benefit. In this situation, the bank should make the most money in the shortest period and meet all depositors demand as little as possible due to the zero interest return to bank when they keep cash as liquid assets. This risk could be reduced by having deposit insurance or guaranteed central bank facilities. On the other hand, the bank also has to face with the default risk of borrowers, especially in the crisis like the previous period, the bank managers need to diversify their loans into different sections of the economy such as geographical region, type of industryÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ In order to assure partly the probability of borrower default, banks also need to obtain collaterals from their borrowers. Furthermore, liquidity management involves managing reverses to meet predictable outflows of deposits. They could hold the rate of sufficient reserve, borrow from inter bank market or at the discount window from the central bank. A simple model of liquidity management includes the bank balancing between the opportunity cost of holding reserves rather than earning assets and the adjustment cost of having to conduct unexpected borrowing to meet withdrawals. The bank need the compatible allocation its assets between high risk, high return loans and low risk, low return assets as well as a risk free asset and risky asset. There are four ratios that are supposed as the measurement of liquidity ratio, which are: Loan to Deposit Ratio: Bank use to calculate at the end of each month, it implies how a bank is funding illiquid assets by stable liabilities. Ratio = (Total Loans, Advances, Leases and Bills/Total Deposits) x 100% Loan to Adjusted Deposit Ratio: Bank compute at month end, an adjusted loan to deposit ratio. It illustrates the deficiencies in the loan to deposit ratio by finding how medium and long term debt fund for the bank. Ratio= (Total Loans, Advances, Leases and Bills/L1) x 100% With L1= Total Deposits + Borrowings + [Reserves (Investment in Subsidiaries + Investment in Fixed Assets)] + Issues of Medium and Long Term Debt + Debentures (3) Liquid assets to Total Deposits Ratio Ratio= (Liquid Assets/Total Deposits) x 100% (4) Liquid Assets to Total Assets Ratio Ratio= (Liquid Assets/Total Assets) x 100% Australia overcomes the global financial crisis Despite the global financial crisis impacted on the world economy strongly, Australia has been one of countries which show early positive signs of recovery. One of the main reasons that help Australian financial market survive through the crisis is that Australian banks are highly capitalized. Banks in Australia operated under the Basel II Framework from 1st January 2008, ensured 8%, which is a prudential capital ratio (PCR) of total risk-weighted assets. In this 8%, a half is the compulsory percentage regulated by Tire 1 capital (the highest-quality capital components). In reality, Australian banks usually go beyond the lowest capital requirements despite they are not required to increase new capital to balance loan write-downs. In November 2008, at the peek of the international credit crisis, Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) summarized that Authorized Deposit-taking Institution (ADI) maintained the requirements of capital adequacy, so they were well-capitalized. It is proved by the return on equity was 17% which accounted for five largest bank in Australia at the end of 2008. Moreover, Australian banks have two different sources for funding: approximately 50% from the deposits of customer and wholesale funding, the remaining percentage from short term and long term in both the domestic and global markets, which proved that Australian bank have the strong funding resources. The other reason is that sub- prime mortgages in Australia in mid 2007 just accounted for the small percentage, approximately 1%. Securitization does not take the main role in lending activities in Australia and intermediations still dominate the financial market, while the percentage of securitization in the United States is around 13%. Mortgages and Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) just took the small size in the whole Australian sub-prime market, which makes the balance sheet of Australian financial institution become very stable. Noticeably, Standard Poor ra ted more than 66% CDOs in Australia AAA, marking the considerable increase from 58% in 2005. The CDOs in Australia increased dramatically over 6 years from 2001 to 2007, especially synthetic CDOs, which develop rapidly in the growth of CDOs. According to Global Financial Stability Report (2008), the provisioning of Australian banks continuously marked the highest number guaranteed the most stable economic before the financial crisis in 2008, even it continue keep that point during the chaos of finance market. Another point that should be highlighted is the importance of issuing bank debt and asset backed securities (mainly Residential Mortgage Backed Securities -RMBS), especially from 2004 to 2006 so that the liquidity of banks in Australia increase remarkably, help the volatility of banks become stronger. The previous turbulence of financial market waked the regulators to review the current regulations in national level in order to certify that liquidity management of banks is e ffective in turmoil, when people struggle for cash, for their fund immediately and do not believe to the stability of banks. Australian Regulations of Liquidity Management The government in Australia, particularly Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), has issued Australian Prudential Standard (APS 210 Liquidity) and three confederate guidance notes: (1) AGN 210.1 Liquidity Management Strategy, (2) AGN 210.2 Scenario Analysis, (3) AGN 210.3 Minimum Liquidity Holdings based on Basel Committee Sound Practices for Managing Liquidity in Banking Organisations. They are composed with some fundamental and flexible principles for banks to easily modify and adapt it into their own operation strategies. The below graph illustrated clearly the requirements which are defined in AGN 210.1: (1) Liquidity policy statement: It means that Australian banks and other deposit-taking institutions have to follow the first stage in liquidity management strategy, which is composition of details in their own strategy, approved by the Board of Directors or Committees. (2) Measuring, Assessing, Reporting Liquidity System: Besides some compulsory information s uch as the market values of liquid holdings or the maturity of cash flows, they will imply to the potential cash flows related to its assets and liabilities. (3) Procedures for managing liquidity: Banks could determine various liquidity management procedures based on its own capacity and standing in the market. It could be: Maturity Mismatch Limits Liquid Holdings Diversification of Liabilities Access to Wholesale Markets Foreign Currency and other Markets Intra-group Liquidity Use of Assets Industry Liquidity Support Arragements Responsibilities and Controls (4) Responsibilities and Controls: it points that bank managers need to defined clearly management responsibility and control structure, report its liquidity status in timely and effective manner. (5) Contingency Planning: It will clarify who would take responsibility of identifying the unexpected problem, the necessary information for planning the solutions, the cost of funding strategy and the consequences of the ADIs capital, if possible. Banks are required to update and ensure the effectiveness of contingency plan, which remind staffs frequently about their roles in the plan. Liquidity Management Strategy at ANZ Bank Australia and New Zealand Banking Group (ANZ Bank) is one of four major banks in Australia which recovered soon after the financial crisis. It marked the significant development and is well-known as a strong capitalized and sufficient liquidity bank. They have maintained the solid result against the downturn of global financial crisis and have impressed everyone by robust foundation, strict liquidity management. They target to the perfect regional liquidity risk controlling solution, making clients believe to their services and use it whatever countries they go, and clients could consider ANZ as their beloved home. It is now regarded as the pioneer bank in Asia markets in expanding the market shares and the reputation with the efficient strategy based on the huge capital as well as their concentration on risk management and balance sheet management to enhance liquidity for their operation. Due to the fact that ANZ have the strong capital position and profit, they could improve c apital ability whenever they want. In the turbulence caused by financial crisis, ANZ bank still keep its credit rating in the high position and ensure it have maintained credit rating. ANZ has resisted to financial crisis more effectively than many other banks, so it does not need bailout for its own considerable resilience. The strategy in liquidity management in previous financial crisis facilitated to the strong of ANZ against the crisis, named Culture of prudent lending. It could be demonstrated that ANZ is capitalized with a well diversified and stable funding foundation and an impressive record of energetic profitability. In August 2009, they acquired with selected businesses of the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) in East Asia for about $ 500 million, marked the larger expansion in Asia, following the strategy Becoming a super regional bank a bank of global quality with regional focus. After the financial crisis, ANZ becomes not only the prime position in Australia but also one of the best banks in Asian market. ANZ is highlighted by the liquidity management strategy and procedures, which makes the Group has enough liquidity to fulfill the obligations. The foundation of liquidity management strategy is constructed by the following principles: The Group target to maintain the conventional, low risk approach to liquidity management. ANZ holds high quality liquid assets to support day to day operations. ANZ reports the scenario analyses in which ANZ have to prepare for the going concern and name crisis The Group ensure to meet survival horizons under the different scenarios from the normal business to the stressed condition, at the site and the whole Group level, to fulfill obligations in medium term Establishing specific contingency plans to cover various liquidity crisis events. The Group aims to use various funding foundations, avoiding undue concentrations by investor type, maturity, currency or source. ANZ ensures the liquidity manag ement framework is relevant to the documents of government. Managing the structure of balance sheet to ensure resilience in the liquidity and funding risk profile. Limiting the potential earnings at risk implications related to the unexpected increases in funding costs or the liquidation of assets under stress. We could illustrate clearly the framework of liquidity management of ANZ Bank as the following graph: Comparing the above principles with the requirements of APRA, we found that ANZ obeyed fully and have prepared thoroughly for the liquidity risk, ensuring they could survive in the turbulence and develop to another level of development. Among eight components in the above framework, I think the most noticeable features in ANZs liquidity management strategy are the Scenario Modelling, Liquidity Portfolio Management and Liquidity Risk Contingency Planning. Due to the constraint of time, I will concentrate to discuss on three important ones. The first compulsory c omponent is Scenario Modelling. Regarding the daily liquidity risk management, ANZ analyses their liquidity position under two different conditions: (1) cash flows in adverse operation to the bank, it has difficulty in fulfill obligations to depositors; (2) cash flows will be the same in now or future. It helps ANZ could use the information of liquidity to predict the behavior of customer and prepare the scheme. Researching the strategy of ANZ Bank in liquidity management strategy, I could point that scenario modeling is the most outstanding component in the framework of in liquidity management strategy. They adhere to the requirements of reporting the behavior of cash flows in normal business and difficult condition. The former means that ANZ assesses liquidity under general business activities plans the scheme to meet all commitments and obligations in normal funding capacity, over at least 30 calendar days, Assessing the maturing wholesale funding against rigorous capital market disruption; in which no wholesale funding can be issued or tumbled, explains explicitly why ANZ could have sufficient ability to meet its going concern commitments. As protection against this future funding obligation, ANZ controls wholesale borrowing requirements against both its liquidity portfolio and limitation for domestic and offshore wholesale debt maturities. In contrast, the latter mentions to the model in potential name crisis, it may have some difficulties in rolling over the funding and have to guarantee that the cash flow is positive over five working days. ANZ model this scenario based on customer type, level of sophistication and the type of asset/liability. Furthermore, the Group also prepares the scheme to against any unexpected circumstance in a range of other stress tests and liquidity scenarios over the period of time. To check the groups solvency, the outcome is the period of tight liquidity has been experienced over the last 12-18 months, which has raised the f unding costs. They model and manage the probability and earnings impact of changes in the groups credit margin to assess these risks. This uncertainty may be happened due to the market factors or the downgrade of credit rating. Noticeably, the global financial crisis has exposed the difference between stressed and normal market conditions in a name-specific crisis, and the different behavior that offshore and domestic wholesale funding markets can happen during market stress events. Therefore, ANZ has maintained its liquidity risk scenario modeling to support APRAs requirements. ANZ has linked its liquidity risk appetite to defined liquidity survival horizons (how long ANZ must maintain a positive cash flow position under specific scenario or stress), in which customer and wholesale balance sheet asset/liability flows are stressed. The following stressed scenarios are modeled: * Extreme Short Term Crisis Scenario (ESTC): a name-specific stress during a period of market stress * Short Term Crisis Scenario (NSTC): a name-specific stress during a period of normal markets conditions * Global Funding Market Disruption (GFMD): Stressed global wholesale funding markets leading to a closure of domestic and offshore markets. * Offshore Funding Market Disruption (OFMD): Stressed global wholesale funding markets leading to a closure of offshore markets only. They have managed those above modeling in regional operations as well as the whole Groups level. Another point that I want to mention is the liquidity management strategy is improved by the holding a diversified portfolio of cash and unencumbered high quality. Those highly-liquid securities will be traded to guarantee intraday liquidity by supplying cash immediately, especially in stressed conditions. Those assets are suitable for repurchase agreements with the applicable central bank (repo eligible). According to Goodhart C.A.E (2008), if banks can maintain liquidity successfully in a sustainabl e price, they will not worry about the maturity transformation. In nine months in 2008, the holding of eligible securities expanded from $14.6 million to 34.7 billion, responded to the volatility and turbulence of financial crisis at that time. This achievement is supported by the number of Australian internal mortgage securitization (RMBS), accounted for $ 10.3 billion. Meanwhile, the volume of eligible securities held, post any repurchase discounts applied by the central bank, was $60.2 billion. ANZ targets to improve its balance sheet by maintaining the strong coverage ratios of liquidity portfolio to maturing wholesale offshore debt maturities. The table below analyzes liquidity portfolio holdings held in ANZs major funding centres: Eligible securities (Market Values) 2010 ($m) 2009 ($m) 2008 ($m) 2007 ($m) Australia 20,974 18,694 12,899 9,281 New Zealand 7,547 8,771 6,620 5,474 United States 1,275 1,301 2,739 3,070 United Kingdom 2,183 2,939 4,157 2,251 Asia 4,204 1,984 Internal RMBS (Australia) 26,657 24,508 8,305 Internal RMBS (New Zealand) 3,812 1,954 Total 66,652 60,151 34,720 20,076 Source: ANZ Annual Report 2008, 2009 and 2010. In the above table, we could see clearly the dramatic increase of securities holding at ANZ Bank in four years from 2007 to 2010. The total volume in 2007 just accounted to $ 20,076 million and in 2010, it reached to $ 60,151 million in which internal RMBS took the main role in this growth. Particularly, RMBS in Australia raised remarkably about $ 18,000 million, from $ 8,305 million to $26, 657 million. Meanwhile, eligible securities in Australia doubled the volume, from about $9 million to over $ 20 million in 2 years. It could be said that ANZ Bank has managed successfully the portfolio serving for the purpose of maintaining liquidity status. In order to strengthen its balance sheet, ANZ Bank continues to keep the strong coverage ratios of Liquidity Portfolio to maturing wholesale offshore debt maturities. It is diversified by counterparty, currency and other factors. The portfolio is diversified by separate counterparties, is summarized in the below table: Long term counterparty credit rating Market Value ($m) 2010 2009 AAA 51,371 43,827 AA+ 8,094 3,043 AA 6,169 10,849 AA- 694 1,867 A+ 120 264 A 204 301 Total 66,652 60,151 Source: ANZ Annual Report 2009, p. 147 and ANZ Annual Report 2010, p. 161. In the above table, we could see clearly AAA counterparty accounted for the large percentage, approximately 77,07% in 2010 and 72,86% in 2009 while the lowest credit rating A counterparty just took 0.3% in 2010 and 0.5% in the previous year. It proves that ANZ Bank really concentrated on the quality of counterparties, which strengthens the long term development of this bank, instead of choosing the low credit rating ones. The last one I want to emphasize here is Contingency crisis planning in which ANZ adhere to the requirement of Australian Prudential Regulation Authority about the preparation against liquidity risk at country level or global level. The framework includes: The foundation of crisis stress levels Explicitly authorized roles and responsibilities if crisis happens Plan responsibilities for communications Early warning the probability of crisis and how to deal with it Crisis Declaration Assessment processes against the above warning Sketch out the action plan for adjustment asset and liability Procedure for reporting crisis management, and making up cash flow shortfalls The primary customers in case of crisis happens Regarding intraday liquidity management, Bech M.L. (2008) pointed that intraday liquidity management is really necessary for the banking system to ensure the liquidity in daily transaction. Banks could use the collateralized credit as the pledging collateral to the central bank or having an intraday repurchase agreement with the central bank. Similarly, in Australia, Reserve Bank Information and Transfer Sys tem (RITS) plays the role as Australias high-value payments system where ANZ Bank and other banks settle their payment obligations on a real time gross settlement (RTGS) basis. After that, payments of ANZ are transferred into RITS directly or delivered by SWIFT and Austraclear. RTGS was opted by Australia in over 10 years ago, 1998, with the purpose to decrease the probability of settlement risk, which could affect to the liquidity management of banks in Australia. Regarding the department that is responsible to liquidity management, the Risk Committee is one of three main Committees of ANZs Board, which assists Board of Directors in dealing with liquidity, operational, credit management and others related ones. Two senior management committees are responsible to management of market risk, in which the Group Asset and Liability Committee (GALCO), is executed by Chief Financial Officer, mainly deal with non traded market risk, including liquidity risk. Source: https://www.anz. com/about-us/corporate-responsibility/our-approach/risk-management/structure/ In ANZs strategy, they find out the minimum risk assets and liquid assets, then attempt to measure asset liquidity and funding needs for asset growth, inflows and outflows; otherwise, they also assess the collaterals in order to calculate probability to funding. They maintain the effective liquidity management strategy in which they could recognize the warning signals like illiquidity spirals, market wide stress and the interaction between liquidity risk and market risk, credit risk, operational riskÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦ However, the world changes days by days, so bank could not apply the same strategy for the different periods in operation. Therefore, ANZs treasury department plays a role as controlling center for any changes in strategy to improve the ability in decrease liquidity risk. Continuously, I will focus on the fact that profile of banks liquidity management changes overtime wit h the improvement of techniques and combinations between information and technology, so data and information management becomes more and more important in the future development of banks, especially in the exposure of financial crisis. It could be said that aggregate and adequacy data could strengthen the capacity of bank. The more information they have, the more successful they would be in the unprecedented situations. We know that designing the effective liquidity management strategy requires a lot of time and capital, but we could not deny the benefit they create for a bank, especially the stability for a bank. Achieving the successful liquidity management strategy will situate ANZ Bank into the new level of development in which they could maintain efficiently balance consolidation, total balance, net balance application and the state equilibrium of balance. All of them will strengthen ANZ Banks liquidity risk management and financial flexibility. Until now, ANZ have a well eq uipped infrastructure consists of high qualified human resource and modern technical system, which facilitates ANZ Bank the prosperous management of the risk generally, cash flow data specifically and could suppose the potential cash flow in future model with the consistent degree of certainty. The bank managers concentrated on operating transparency, resilience of technology, which could facilitates fund following planned ways. They collected the report, analyzed the data and target to balance the liquidity risk. They pointed to internal movement, combination and the integration with other factors. Notably, in order to increase the ability in controlling liquidity risk, ANZ Bank decided to corporate with three other banks which are Barlays, J.P. Morgan Chase and Mizuho Corporate Bank in joining Cable and Wireless Real Time Nostro Service, allowing them manage cash flows efficiently. ANZ Bank expected that this brilliant standard infrastructure adopted across different systems, c urrencies and time zones will work as a fundamental home of data, so they could know more about the cash movement globally through agents, including those for exchange, commercial payments and securities settlements. Therefore, they could minimize the risks related to foreign currency, securities settlements with international regulations, and enhance the operational efficiency. Moreover, banks could manage cash flows in all currencies and time zones intraday despite of the markets have closed or even many days later. Aggregation of account data will allow banks to identify risk such as unprecedented overdrafts or potential defaults within the settlement day. In conclusion, this paper has summarized and analyzed the strategy of liquidity management of Australia in general and ANZ Bank in particular. It can be said that the well-prepared preparation in policy of liquidity management issued by Australia government, particularly Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, strengthen the capacity of Australian banks in liquidity management and rescue them out of the global financial crisis faster than other countries. I could be summarize that the sufficient liquidity of ANZ Bank is supported by many important factors like modelling of scenarios, liquidity portfolio management, liquidity crisis contingency planning. Those components have created the best strategy in liquidity for ANZ Bank and continue improving to the higher level of long term development in future. A new era has begun; banks need to develop the fully integrated risk management framework, instead of the current market and liquidity risk assessment which are still inadequacy. The better liquidity management banks maintain now, the further stable development they achieve in future.

Cultural Awareness Project Ethnocentrism - 1723 Words

Hi this is Brittney Del Pizzo and today for my cultural awareness project I will be discussing ethnocentrism in the imaging department. My objectives for the presentation is to explain how you can avoid ethnocentrism in the imaging department and to also explain how ethnocentrism can lead to stereotyping and how this can further have a negative impact on the department. I want to begin by discussing some general definitions so that you have a better understand of the topics that I am going to discuss. I think it is important to begin by defining the definition of culture. As we learned in class culture is a unique combination of rituals, religious beliefs, ways of thinking and ways of behaving that unify a group of people. Further†¦show more content†¦Some ways to become culturally aware include first becoming aware of different cultures that surround us. When we become aware we also have to take the time to evaluate our own prejudices. Secondly, we cannot allow cultural diversity to lead us to criticize or even draw judgments of others. Thirdly, we have to build friendships with individuals of different cultures. By building friendships it allows us to respect others while also learning about their culture. Fourth, we need to show understanding of individuals that are of different cultures. When we develop understanding of different cultur es it also let’s them know that we truly care. Fifth, we need to listen to individuals of different cultures. As health care professionals this is probably the most important to us. Sometimes it may be difficult to understand or even relate to individuals of different cultures, so we need to take the time to ask questions so that we can better treat them. Lastly, we need to learn about different cultures. We can never learn too much about another culture, and it will only help us become more culturally aware. Now that we know what it means to be culturally aware and how you can develop cultural awareness I want to show you how this can relate to the health care profession, specifically the imaging department. I want to give you specific examples that I have seen within the

Effect of Leadership Style on Workers Performance

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Leadership is one of those qualities that you know when you see it, but is difficult to describe. There are almost as many definitions as there are commentators. Many associate leadership with one person leading. Four things stand out in this respect. First, to lead involves influencing others. Second, where there are leaders there are followers. Third, leaders seem to come to the fore when there is a crisis or special problem. In other words, they often become visible when an innovative response is needed. Fourth, leaders are people who have a clear idea of what they want to achieve and why. Thus, leaders are people who are able to think and act creatively in non-routine situations – and who set out to influence†¦show more content†¦One rationale for this study is that good leader-follower relationships are vital to ensure the effective functional of any company. STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM The interest in the influence of leadership on worker’s performance represents an alternative to the traditional focus on the leader as the center of attention and power, as with the sun in the â€Å"solar system.† Although the qualities of leaders are obviously important, especially in teamwork in particular, leaders need the skills to engage followers in productive and satisfying mutual pursuits. However, this is a departure from the usual way of seeing leader qualities as possessions, rather than interpersonal links to others involved in shared activities. Because not all leaders wish to be participative, understanding and overcoming such reluctance to involve followers becomes important. Not least as a source of resistance is the problem of shared responsibility and who will be accountable. It is on this background that this research work aims to assess the extent to which leadership impacts on the productivity of the workers. 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Financial Reporting on the Internet-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Measures and Policies you would put in place to address each of the above four Issues. 2.Critically compare and contrast the structure and strategy adopted by any Multinational Corporation (MNC) and Corporate Parent organization based in your country and discuss strategic implications of both in your countrys economic growth and development. Answers: 1.This question tries to address the four issues that have developed after the introduction of multinational organizations on the small business enterprises in Oman. Each of the four issues have been given down in this paper and measures and policies to address the four issues are discussed. One of the four issues that have an impact on the small business enterprises has been that small business enterprises have been closing down after the introduction of multinational organizations. This has been one of the major issues and it us seen that effective measures has to be taken in order to motivate the firms to survive in the economy. It has been observed that one of the fundamental factors for the survival of the small firms has been capital. Therefore, the small business enterprises of Oman need to manage sufficient capital so that they can compete with the multinational organizations that are entering the Oman market. The small business enterprise requires developing effective management skills so that they can understand the issues that are pertinent in the business and thereby staying afloat in the Oman economy. The improvement in the management skills leads to identification of the weaknesses and improving the core area of the business (Storey 2016). The small busines ses do not have sufficient information about tracking the key performance indicators and thus requires implementing strategies that would gain them knowledge regard the market where they operate. It is essential for the organizations to construct an effective business plan that would be influential for the improving the procedure and the functional activities of the firm. The small business enterprises even needs to improve their focus on the strategies they have established so that by understanding the market they can construct alternative plans thereby improving the level of operations. Undertaking these strategies would lower the small business enterprises from closing their business in the Oman market. The next point that is under consideration is that there have been figures that suggest that imports were raising with respect to the export figures in Oman. The level of export has been higher in Oman for a significant point of time as the country has been one of the largest exporters of oil and gypsum in the current decade (Keeble and Wever 2016). However, the level of import has overgrown the figures of export as export of other products has been relatively low. This has led to the rise in import as the consumers of the country require essential and necessary goods for their daily survival. Oman does not produce sufficient amount of daily commodities that would meet the desires of the population of the country and therefore in order to meet the deficiency export is essential. The advent of globalization has led to new and innovative products in the market and this has influenced the consumers to purchase such goods. Therefore, it is seen that the figures of import has increased ov er the level of export (Parahina et al. 2014). Therefore, in order to mitigate such issues various policies have been implemented so that the level of export increases over import. The government of the country has started investing in the manufacturing firms that focus on delivering the goods that are required by the consumers on a daily basis. This would reduce the level of import and thus would increase the export level. The government has even imposed higher taxes on import so that the country would lower imports thereby maintaining the balance of payment of the country. The next issue is in accordance to the rise in the level of unemployment in the locals of Oman. Unemployment is one of the major concerns for every country as it lowers the level of per capita income of the country (Leigh and Blakely 2016). It is seen that the multinational organizations hire competent employees in their business and in certain case outsource their employees from various other countries thereby maintaining their organizational objectives. This has led to the fall in the employment in the country (Blackburn, Hart and Wainwright 2013). Thus, it is important to implement various strategies like taking the initiative of educating the teenagers and the young ones so that they become competent enough to work in these multinational organizations. The government should even frame policies in order to limit the recruiting of the outsourced employees and motivating the organizations to appoint employees from the country itself. The level of unemployment in the country has incr eased because due to the introduction of the multinational firms, the small and medium business enterprises have started to shut down their operations and thus making many people lose their jobs (La Porta and Shleifer 2014). Therefore, the government should undertake various initiatives and policies so that small and medium business enterprises can continue their business in the economy and compete with large multinational corporations. The last issue refers to the decreasing tenure of the MNCs in the country. The main factor has been due to the governmental policies due to which the MNCs get demotivated to function in the country (Mundial 2013). There have been various other factors like the environmental and cultural factors that have led to the downfall of these organizations. The decrease in the tenure of the MNCs has a significant impact on the economy of Oman and therefore, it is essential to take adequate measures and policies in order to retain the MNCs. It is essential that attractive tax reduction benefits and attractive schemes requires to be developed so that the MNCs feel like staying in the country. New and improved technologies if implemented in the firm would influence the MNCs to function in the country as they would understand that utilization of these technologies would improve the operations of the firm (Liedholm and Mead 2013). It is even essential to educate the citizens of the country so that they can be competent enough to work for these MNCs. The appointment of employees from the local residents would lower the cost of employment and thereby would motivate the companies to operate in the market. Implementing amiable strategies and policies for these MNCs would influence them to function effectively. 2.This question would try to critically compare and contrast the strategies and structures that have been implemented by Multinational Corporations and the Corporate Parent Organization. It is observed that MNCs have unique corporate strategy like decentralizing and nationally and self-sufficient operations. The companies has the ability to sense the opportunities that are available locally in Oman and then tries to exploit such opportunities in an effective manner so that MNCs can improve their level of operations and increase their profits (Eid and El-Gohary 2013). The MNCs look to enhance their knowledge by analyzing the market and retains these knowledge in every unit of the firm so that every department of the organization can have effective level of knowledge with respect to their operations thereby maintaining an effective competitive edge. The MNCs maintain strategies to operate in the international market and adapts to the cultures and the political environment of the country where they operate. This makes them one step ahead of the other firms. The international strategy of the MNCs primarily concentrate on the process of worldwide learning, which leads to sharing of innovation. The structure of the MNCs comprises of international divisions where focus is given to the international countries where they operate (Luo and Shenkar 2017). With respect to this, MNCs in Oman try to function according to the work culture that is prevalent in the economy itself. The MNCs maintain an alternative path of development with the help of which the companies can move ahead of their local and international competitors. Most of the MNCs maintain a global matrix, which aids the organizations to balance products and requirement of the region and accomplish both efficiency and responsiveness. The global matrix leads to transfer of knowled ge and learning (Chung et al. 2015). Corporate Parent Organization is another type of organization who have their unique typology of strategies. It is seen that these companies maintain hands-off ownership, which has very lean corporate centers. The companies tend to be careful to avoid the negative influence and therefore try to restrict shared services to the corporate level. These organizations provide financial sponsorship, which occasionally have value destructive conflicts of goals among the corporate parent and local businesses. The financial sponsorship follows a parental strategy. As opportunities establish values with the help of leverage, the companies are increasingly are transforming to a more interventionist approach thereby creating value in their portfolio organizations. These organizations have a strategic guidance strategy that leads to the development of the organization in an effective manner. The company analyses the market from time to time and then understands the changes that are available in the market and thereafter undertakes changes that would lead to the improvement in the operations of the companies. The other strategy exploited by these organizations involve creation of synergy (Chen, Chen and Zhou 2014). This is undertaken by the organizations by concentrating on bringing out the crucial benefits from the synergies of marketing and sales and the operations among the business units. The organizations that employ synergy assemble a portfolio of businesses that naturally fits together and can attain maximum advantage through the intrinsic collaboration. The organizations maintain functional leadership where the organizations focus on adding values to the businesses in the portfolio with the help of functional excellence, central services and shared corporate resources. This leads to the strong corporate functions that unites expertise in the areas that have a long-term inspiration on the business units. Thus these are the strategies that are exploited by the MNCs and the corporate parent organizations leading to the economic development of Oman. Reference List Blackburn, R.A., Hart, M. and Wainwright, T., 2013. Small business performance: business, strategy and owner-manager characteristics.Journal of small business and enterprise development,20(1), pp.8-27. Chen, X., Chen, A.X. and Zhou, K.Z., 2014. Strategic orientation, foreign parent control, and differentiation capability building of international joint ventures in an emerging market.Journal of International Marketing,22(3), pp.30-49. Chung, C.C., Park, H.Y., Lee, J.Y. and Kim, K., 2015. Human capital in multinational enterprises: Does strategic alignment matter?.Journal of International Business Studies,46(7), pp.806-829. Eid, R. and El-Gohary, H., 2013. The impact of E-marketing use on small business enterprises' marketing success.The Service Industries Journal,33(1), pp.31-50. Keeble, D. and Wever, E. eds., 2016.New firms and regional development in Europe(Vol. 9). Routledge. La Porta, R. and Shleifer, A., 2014. Informality and development.The Journal of Economic Perspectives,28(3), pp.109-126. Leigh, N.G. and Blakely, E.J., 2016.Planning local economic development: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Liedholm, C.E. and Mead, D.C., 2013.Small enterprises and economic development: the dynamics of micro and small enterprises. Routledge. Luo, Y. and Shenkar, O., 2017. The Multinational Corporation as a Multilingual Community: Language and Organization in a Global Context. InLanguage in International Business(pp. 59-92). Springer International Publishing. Mundial, B., 2013.Doing business 2013: smarter regulations for small and medium-size enterprises. The World Bank. Parahina, V.N., Boris, O.A., Bezrukova, T.L. and Shanin, I.I., 2014. State support for creation and development of socially-oriented innovative enterprises.Asian Social Science,10(23), p.215. Storey, D.J., 2016.Understanding the small business sector. Routledge.